Hanuman - justice, honesty and strength
Hanuman is the personification of wisdom, brahmacharya, bhakti (devotion/faith), justice, honesty and strength; this manifests itself in his unwavering commitment to justice, flawless execution of the tasks entrusted to him, and unfailing talent in serving his chosen master. His indispensable role in reuniting Rama with Sita is compared by some to that of a teacher who helps the individual soul discover the divine
Hanuman was born in Treta Yuga, son of Anjana, a vanara (Hanuman is therefore called Anjaneya, i.e. 'son of Anjana'); Anjana was actually an apsara (celestial creature) named Punjikasthala, who, due to a curse, was born on Earth as a vanara. The only way to remove the curse was for her to give birth to an incarnation of Lord Shiva. Anjana was the wife of Kesari, a very strong vanara who had once single-handedly killed a large elephant that was bothering sages and hermits; he was therefore called 'Kesari' (lion) and with the nickname Kunjara Südana (killer of elephants - sic). Along with Kesari, Anjana prayed intensely to Lord Śiva; moved by their devotion, Shiva granted them what they desired. 
While Anjana was worshiping Lord Shiva, Dasaratha, king of Ayodhya, was reciting the Putrakama Yajña to ask for children; his wish was granted, and he received some sacred pudding, to share with his three wives. This led to the birth of Lord Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrughna. By divine will, a kite stole a fragment of the pudding, and dropped it on the forest where Anjana was worshiping; Vayu, Hindu deity of the wind, brought the pudding into the hands of Anjana, who ate it, and became pregnant with Hanuman as a result.
Hanuman's spiritual father is Vayu (also known as Marut, Pavan, etc...); therefore Hanuman is also called Pavan-putra (i.e. 'son of Pavan') or Maruti.
He inherited his father's qualities, such as speed in flight, physical endurance and superhuman strength; as a child, believing that the sun was a ripe fruit, he took flight to pick it. Indra, king of the devas and protector of universal law, observing this scene, turned his weapon, Vajra (lightning), against Hanuman, who fell back to the ground, breaking his chin and losing consciousness. Enraged, Vayu declared a strike, and brought the atmosphere with him: when all living beings were now in danger of asphyxiation, Indra to make peace with Vayu canceled the effects of his lightning, and the devas treated Hanuman and blessed him, but the scar on his chin remained (hanuhH in Sanskrit).
Recognizing Surya as the omniscient master, Hanuman took his body into orbit around the sun and asked him to accept him as a disciple: Surya refused, explaining that since he always traveled in his chariot it would be impossible for Hanuman to learn anything. Unconcerned by Surya's journey, Hanuman enlarged his body; he placed one leg to the west and the other to the east, with his face turned to the sun, and repeated his request. Pleased by his insistence, Surya accepted; Hanuman then followed Surya throughout his journey, and learned all his knowledge. When Hanuman then asked Surya to accept his 'guru-dakshina' (tribute to the master), he refused, stating that the pleasure of teaching someone so dedicated was the best tribute; Hanuman insisted, and then Surya asked him to reciprocate by helping his spiritual son Sugriva. Hanuman's choice to have Surya as a teacher indicates Surya as Karma Saakshi, eternal witness of all things.
Hanuman was mischievous in his childhood, and sometimes annoyed the meditating sages by stealing their things or disturbing them while they were reciting their venerations; finding his actions unbearable, but realizing that Hanuman was only a child, (though invincible), the sages placed a modest curse on him: because of this, Hanuman forgot his superiority, and would only remember it when others they had talked to him about it. It has been speculated that without the curse the entire course of the Ramayana would have been different, because Hanuman demonstrated phenomenal abilities during the war, despite the curse.
